|
The Soviet Union was a charter member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of the Security Council. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, its UN seat was transferred to the Russian Federation. == Role in founding of the UN == The Soviet Union took an active role in the United Nations and other major international and regional organizations. At the behest of the United States, the Soviet Union took a role in the establishment of the UN in 1945. The Soviet Union insisted that there be veto rights in the Security Council and that alterations in the United Nations Charter be unanimously approved by the five permanent members. From the creation to 1955, there was a Western majority in the UN. Other nations joining the UN were limited. 1955 marked the end of American hegemony over the General Assembly, because as more nations became states, they were accepted into the UN. The new states were often just beginning to understand what being their own state meant as they were pushed into the organization where they were often asked to pick between the West and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union made many new allies this way. The USSR initially protested the membership of India and the Philippines, whose independence was then largely theoretical (being basically colonies of the United Kingdom and the United States, respectively, in all but name). A demand by the Soviet Union that all fifteen Soviet Socialist Republics be recognized as member states in the UN was counter-demanded by the United States that all then 48 states be similarly recognized. Ultimately two Soviet Republics (Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR) were admitted as full members of the UN, so between 1945 and 1991, the Soviet Union was represented by three seats in the United Nations. The United States was also offered two additional seats, but due to political problems (regarding which two of the 48 states would be represented), it was never acted upon.〔Stalin: The Man and His Era. by Adam B. Ulman〕 An alternate explanation as to why the US never got the two additional seats to bring it even with the three seats in the General Assembly is related by later United States Secretary of State, James F. Byrnes who in his autobiography quotes a letter from Premier Stalin to President Roosevelt dated 2/11/1945 in which Stalin says in part: "I entirely agree with you that, since the number of votes for the Soviet Union is increased to three, the number of votes for the USA should also be increased. If it is necessary I am prepared officially to support this proposal." Byrnes states that he later reminded Roosevelt of Stalin's letter of agreement to the three votes for the USA, but that Roosevelt had apparently either changed his mind or, perhaps because of his declining health, forgotten it and replied, "It is not really of any great importance. I am not really keen for three votes in the Assembly. It is the little fellow who needs the vote in the Assembly." This resulted in the chairman of the US delegation to the San Francisco Conference, Edward Stettinius, not pressing the demand for three seats in the Assembly. No mention is made by Byrnes, who was at the Yalta Conference where the three seat issue was first discussed, of any official offer of three seats to the US, nor of any discussion as to which of the US states would have held those seats had they been offered.〔James F. Byrnes in his autobiography, All In One Lifetime, published by Harper Brothers,1958〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Soviet Union and the United Nations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|